To this end, this paper presents a bottom-up assessment framework to evaluate the deep-decarbonization effectiveness of lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LFPs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and vana.
[pdf] A critical factor in designing flow batteries is the selected chemistry. The two electrolytes can contain different chemicals, but today the most widely used setup has vanadium in different oxidation states.
[pdf] Form Energy will develop a long-duration energy storage system that takes advantage of the low cost and high abundance of sulfur in a water-based solution. Previous MIT research demonstrated that aqueous sulfur flow batteries represent the lowest chemical cost among rechargeable batteries.
[pdf] 
