Why do we need bending tests for solar cells?

The strength information of bending tests of solar cells can be used to analyze the breakage of solar cells in modules in more detail in order to reach a more comprehensive understanding of failure mechanisms in solar cells.

Can layered structure be used in bending tests for solar cells?

A mechanical simulation model is presented which can be used for evaluating stresses in 4-point bending tests for solar cells with standard concept (Al-BSF, H-pattern). It is shown that the layered structure can be considered but has only minor influence on stiffness and stress distribution of the solar cells compared to a pure silicon wafer.

Which electrode configuration is best for bending a solar cell?

For instance, devices with a sandwich electrode configuration (in thin-film solar cells, with transparent conducting oxides, and a large active area with negligible border-effect photogeneration), should maintain operational performance for more bending cycles in the parallel than in the perpendicular orientation.

How to determine the strength of solar cells?

In this work, a mechanical model is developed and used to determine strength of solar cells with the current standard concept (Al-BSF, H-pattern). Therefore, the layer system of solar cells, especially the backside metallization of AlSi and Al, is analyzed using different models of mechanical homogenization.

Do flexible solar cells have mechanical properties?

The assessment of the mechanical properties of flexible solar cells lacks consistency. In this Perspective, Fukuda et al. outline standards and best practices for measuring and reporting photovoltaic performance under bending stresses, strain and load orientation.

Why do solar cells have different strength based on loading direction?

Thus, the strength of solar cells strongly depends on the loading direction, which seems to be caused by the metallization structure. For current standard solar cells the sunny side shows no influence on loading direction. Otherwise, the backside shows different strength depending on loading direction.