Which cooling method is best for battery energy storage systems?

When it comes to managing the thermal regulation of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), the debate often centers around two primary cooling methods: air cooling and liquid cooling. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, making the choice between the two a critical decision for anyone involved in energy storage solutions.

What is an air cooled battery system?

Air-cooled systems use ambient air flow – fans or natural convection – to carry heat away from the cells. They are simple and low-cost, since no coolant, plumbing or pumps are needed. Air cooling avoids leak hazards and extra weight of liquids. As a result, smaller or lower-power battery installations often rely on air-cooled designs.

Is liquid-based cooling a viable alternative to forced-air cooling for EV batteries?

As one industry review notes that liquid-based cooling for EV batteries is the technology of choice, which is rapidly taking over from forced-air cooling, as energy and power densities increase. For instance, Tesla’s battery packs circulate a 50/50 ethylene glycol–water mix to cool cells.

What is a battery energy storage system?

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for storing energy and ensuring its availability when needed. However, like all electronic systems, batteries generate heat during operation, especially when discharging or charging at high rates. Effective cooling is crucial to maintain the efficiency, safety, and longevity of these systems.

Are air cooling systems better than liquid cooling systems?

Air cooling systems, with their simpler design, are generally easier to maintain and have a lower risk of failure. Liquid cooling systems, while more efficient, require more maintenance and have a higher risk of leaks or other issues. Consider the available resources and expertise when choosing between these systems.

Are air cooled EV batteries better than liquid cooled?

By contrast, almost every modern BEV, such as Audi, Jaguar, BMW i and Kia/Hyundai, uses indirect liquid-cooling loops around the cells. While liquid cooling enables rapid charging, tight packaging, and high power output, also reducing degradation in hot conditions, air-cooled EV batteries are simpler and cheaper but sacrifice performance.