A critical factor in designing flow batteries is the selected chemistry. The two electrolytes can contain different chemicals, but today the most widely used setup has vanadium in different oxidation states.
[pdf] Form Energy will develop a long-duration energy storage system that takes advantage of the low cost and high abundance of sulfur in a water-based solution. Previous MIT research demonstrated that aqueous sulfur flow batteries represent the lowest chemical cost among rechargeable batteries.
[pdf] In November 2024, Honduras made waves with its 75MW/300MWh battery storage tender – the energy equivalent of building a 4-hour power bank for 75,000 Honduran households [1]. Fast forward to March 2025, and China's Windey (运达股份) teamed up with Spain's Equinsa to clinch the $50.2 million contract [2].
[pdf] 
